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2021 first ecosystem granted personhood status, in Europe

Date: October 2021

Fact: The legislation codifies the lagoon’s right “to exist as an ecosystem and to evolve naturally” and recognises its right to protection, conservation and restoration.

Relevance: - Pending completion -

Some thoughts about this: - Pending completion -


640 000 spanish citizen, through a petition, called for the lagoon to be treated as a human. A personhood status is now granted to the lagoon, allowing it to legally sue polluters.

Mar Menor’s legal right to exist, evolve naturally, and to be restored is officially recognized. Like a person, the ecosystem will now be represented by a committee that will act as legal guardian. This committee can sue those who threaten the lagoon’s fundamental rights and take other legal action on its behalf.




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